Widal test: Introduction, Principle, Procedure, Result interpretation, Applications and limitations Introduction Widal test is a serological test which is used for the diagnosis of enteric […]
Bacterial Conjugation: steps and mechanism of transfer of plasmid from donor to recipient cell Conjugation in bacteria is a process in which plasmids are transferred […]
Normal flora of genitourinary tract Normal flora of Urinary tract In healthy individual kidney, urinary bladder and ureter are sterile. Furthermore urine collected in urinary […]
Normal flora of mouth and teeth Normal flora of mouth: Sufficient moisture and abundant food supply facilities growth of microorganism in mouth. However continuous flow […]
Normal flora of Respiratory tract Respiratory tracts includes both upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT). In normal healthy individual LRT is sterile. […]
Normal flora of Gastrointestinal tract GI tracts consists of stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Various parts of GI tract differ in their environmental characteristics, […]
Skin microflora Human skin has relatively fewer number and types of normal flora. Skin consists of outer epidermis, inner dermis with hair, sweat and sebaceous […]
Antibody: Structure, classes and functions Structure of antibody Antibodies are the globular protein belonging to immunoglobulin (Ig) family. Antibody molecules have a common structure […]
Cytokines: properties and receptors Cytokines are low molecular weight (30KDa) regulatory protein or glycoprotein secreted by White blood cells and various other cells in body […]
Normal flora of human host: Types, Examples and Roles Microorganisms associated with healthy tissue of host semi-permanently without causing disease are known as Normal flora […]
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