Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg principle of equilibrium: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that both the allele frequencies and the genotype frequencies are constant from generation to generation in a […]
Genetics
Genetic variation as a cause of evolution
What is genetic variation? A representation of the genetic differences that occur within a population is termed as genetic variation. The genetic variation of whole […]
Chromatin structure, composition and packaging
Chromatin: Eukaryotic chromosomes are located within a separate cellular compartment termed as nucleus. The length of DNA must be compacted by a remarkable amount in […]
Molecular markers-types and applications
Molecular marker: Molecular marker is identified as genetic marker. Molecular marker is a DNA or gene sequence within a recognized location on a chromosome which […]
Mechanism of induced mutation: base analogs, base alteration, intercalation, pyrimidine dimer formation
Induced mutation Induced mutations are induced by known factor- such as-physical (ionizing irradiation, ultraviolet light), chemical and biological mutagens (bacteria and viruses). Mechanism of induced […]
Transposable elements in eukaryotes
There are many different types of transposons in eukaryotes which vary in size, structure, composition and behavior. All the eukaryotic transposons have basic characteristics such […]
Transposable elements in Prokaryotes (Bacteria)
There are two main type of transposable elements in bacteria having different size and structure. They are; Insertion sequences (IS elements) Prokaryotic Transposons (Tn): Composite […]
Transposable elements: characteristics and mechanisms of transposition
Transposable elements are the specific sequence of DNA which is mobile in nature and have capacity to transport from one position to another position in […]
Genetic Linkage-Introduction, types, and chromosomal theory of linkage
Introduction: All the situations and examples discussed with inheritance of character according to Mendel’s law are inheritance of genes situated on different chromosomes. Cytological study […]
Physical behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis
Chromosomes during meiosis: Meiosis division occurs during gametogenesis in higher organism (eukaryotic cells). The events of meiosis of a cell includes duplication of chromosomes which […]