Itraconazole-mechanism, spectrum, pharmacokinetics, uses and side effect
Itraconazole is one of the antifungal medications used for the treatment of diverse fungal infections. It is one of the synthetic dioxolane triazole compounds. Mechanism […]
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Fluconazole: mechanism, spectrum, resistance, pharmacokinetics, uses and side effects
Fluconazole is a synthetic bis-triazole compound, where triazole is one of the classes of antifungal. It is basically used for the treatment of fungal infections, […]
Amphotericin B: mechanism, spectrum, pharmacokinetics, uses and side effects
Amphotericin B is a macrocyclic polyene antibiotic derived from Streptomyces nodosus. It remains the drug of choice for many forms of deep fungal infection. Mechanism […]
Penicillin production commercially by fermentation biotechnology
Penicillin production commercially by fermentation biotechnology Structure of Penicillin: The basic structure of penicillin consists of a thiozolidine ring condensed with a B-lactum ring. Natural […]
ESBL (Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamases) and types
ESBL (Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamases) and types Extended spectrum Beta-lactamase are enzymes belongs to molecular class ‘A’ or ‘D’ and functional group 2b e and 2d. […]
Beta-lactamase: functional classification
Beta-lactamase: functional classification Beta-lactamase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamase degrade β-lactam antibiotics by opening the β-lactam ring. The microorganisms producing beta-lactamase […]
Aminoglycosides: antimicrobial activity, mode of action, mechanism of resistance and pharmacological properties
Aminoglycosides: antimicrobial activity, mode of action, mechanism of resistance and pharmacological properties Aminoglycosides are aminocyclitol derivative antibiotics. Spectinomycin is the pure aminocyclitol which does not […]
Cephalosporin: structure, classification, clinical use and mode of action
Cephalosporin: structure, classification, clinical use and mode of action structure of cephalosporin Cephalosporin is a β-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. In 1948 […]
Penicillin: classification, mode of action and penicillin resistance
Penicillin: classification, mode of action and penicillin resistance classification of penicillin: There are four clinically important class of penicillin classified into four groups on the […]
Clinical use of penicillin antibiotics
Clinical use of penicillin antibiotics 1. Penicillin G: Penicillin G is the drug of choice in infection caused by Pneumococci, Streptococci, Meningococci, Gonococci and Staphylococci […]