Disorders/diseases caused by deficiency or over secretion of various hormones
| Hormones | Causes | disorder/disease | Symptoms |
|
Growth hormone (hormone of anterior pituitary gland) |
· Deficiency in children | · Drawfism | · Stops growth of long bone
· Prematuration of body · Dwarf appearance |
| · Over secretion in teen age | · Gigantism | · Elongation of long bones
· Results in giants appearance |
|
| · Over secretion in adults after adolescence | · Acromegaly | · Enlargement of body parts
· Gorilla like appearance |
|
| Vasopressin or ADH (hormone of posterior pituitary gland) |
· Deficiency of ADH |
· Diabetes insipidus |
· Large quantity of hypotonic urine
· No glucose in urine |
|
Thyroid hormone (thyroxine) |
· Deficiency in children | · Cretinism | · Potbellied, pigeon chested children with physical and mental retardation
· Growth retardation
|
| · Deficiency in adults | · Myxedema | · Puffiness of skin; mental retardation,
· Low body temperature, low blood pressure, low BMR |
|
|
· Deficiency of iodine in diet results in deficiency of thyroxine |
· Simple goiter |
· Swelling in thyroid gland results in swelling of neck region
· Low BMR, low Blood pressure, low heart rate · Fatigue, sluggishness
|
|
|
· Over secretion of thyroid hormone |
· Exophthalmic goiter or Grave’s disease |
· Goiter
· Bulging of eyes · Increased BMR · Increase Blood pressure and heart rate · Restlessness and nervousness |
|
|
Parathormone (hormone of parathyroid gland) |
· Deficiency |
· Parathyroid tetany |
· Muscle spasms · Sustained contraction of muscles may lead to death
|
| · Over secretion | · Osteoporosis | · Decalcification of bones
· Bones become soft and porous |
|
|
Cortisol (Hormones of adrenal cortex) |
· Deficiency of both gluco and mineralocorticoids |
· Addison’s disease |
· Bronze color pigmentation of skin · Low Na+ and high K+ level in blood plasma · Decrease immunity
|
| · Over secretion of cortisol | · Cushing’s syndrome | · Abnormal obesity
· High Na+ and low K+ in blood plasma |
|
| · Over secretion of aldosterone | · Aldosteronism | · High Na+ and Low K+ in blood
· High blood pressure, increase blood volume |
|
| · Over secretion of sex corticoids | · Adrenal virilism | · Male type secondary sexual characters such as beard, moustaches and hoarse voice in female | |
|
Insulin (hormone of pancreas) |
· Deficiency |
· Diabetes mellitus |
· Increased blood sugar level · Excretion of glucose in urine · Increase urine volume · Increase thirst
|
| Testosterone (hormone secreted by gonad) | · Deficiency or failure of secretion | · Eunuchoidism | · Underdevelopment of secondary sexual characters in male |