Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle or Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle or Tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle Citric acid cycle is a central metabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and […]
Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway
Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway This pathway occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic condition Occur in prokaryotes only It occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate produced from […]
Glyoxylate cycle-steps and significance
Glyoxylate cycle-steps Glyoxylate cycle occurs in some microorganisms when acetate is sole source of carbon This cycle has two unique enzyme- isocitrate lyase and malate […]
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or Hexose mono-phosphate (HMP) shunt • Pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway to glycolysis and TCA cycle for oxidation of […]
Preparation of bacterial smear
Preparation of bacterial smear Principle Smear preparation technique consists of spreading small volume of sample on a slide and air drying the film before staining […]
Fungi: characteristics and classification
Fungi: characteristics and classification Characteristics of Fungi 1. Fungi is a separate kingdom 2. Fungi are Eukaryotic organism 3. Morphology: Fungi exists in two fundamental […]
Salivary gland
Salivary gland The human salivary gland is an exocrine gland. The salivary gland includes- the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The major function of […]
Chemical agents to control microorganisms
Chemical agents to control microorganisms Alcohol Phenol and phenolic compounds Halogen compounds Heavy metals and their compounds Aldehydes Gaseous agents Detergents Antibiotics 1. Alcohol: […]
Physical agents to control microorganisms
Physical agents to control microorganisms Some commonly used physical agents in controlling microbial growth are; Heat or temperature low temperature Radiation Desiccation Lyophilization (freeze drying) […]
Stains or dyes used in microbiology: composition, types and mechanism of staining
Stains or dyes used in microbiology: Composition, types and mechanism of staining Composition Stain or dye is the synthetic chemical which is derived from nitrobenzene […]